Guide to Industrial Fasteners: Types, Materials, and Applications

Industrial fasteners are the mechanical components that keep everything—from towering structures to tiny electronics—securely assembled.

These include items such as screws, bolts, nuts, washers, rivets, pins, and anchors. Despite their small size, selecting the right fastener affects safety, durability, and overall performance in logic-critical applications.

Types of Industrial Fasteners

Industrial fasteners can be broadly categorized based on their function and removability:

  • Screws – Threaded fasteners that either create or rely on existing threads.

  • Bolts & Nuts – Bolts typically require a corresponding nut; nuts secure the assembly.

  • Washers – Distribute load, prevent surface damage, and reduce loosening.

  • Rivets – Permanent fasteners, ideal where disassembly is not practical.

  • Pins (Split/Cotter, Dowel, Roll Pins) – Used for alignment, shear resistance, or temporary fastening.

Fastener Uses Across Industries

  • Construction & Machinery – Beams, panels, and heavy-duty joints.

  • Automotive & Aerospace – High-performance, vibration-resistant, or lightweight connections.

  • Electronics – Tiny screws and standoffs for compact assemblies.

  • Furniture & Fixtures – Screws and bolts tailored for aesthetics and strength.

Materials & Coatings for Fasteners

Fastener materials are chosen based on strength, environment, and compatibility:

  • Carbon Steel – Commonly used for general-strength needs.

  • Stainless Steel – Offers corrosion resistance, ideal for sanitary or outdoor environments.

  • Brass/Bronze – Non-magnetic and corrosion-resistant, used in marine or decorative settings.

  • Nylon & Plastic – Provide electrical insulation and lightweight assembly.

Surface treatments like galvanization or plating further improve corrosion resistance and longevity.

Selection Criteria for Fasteners

When choosing fasteners, consider these key factors:

FactorWhat to Evaluate
Material CompatibilityMatch the environment and load demands
Strength RequirementsEnsure proper tensile or shear capacity
Reusability NeedsPermanent (rivets) vs removable (bolts)
Vibration ResistanceUse lock nuts or spring washers when needed
Size & Thread SpecificationsEnsure correct fit and compatibility

Standards & Specifications

Fasteners often adhere to industry standards such as ISO 898 (metric properties), ensuring predictable performance and compatibility. Standards cover aspects like material strength, thread pitch, and load ratings.

FAQs

How do screws differ from bolts?
Screws may form their own thread in material and do not always require a nut. Bolts are intended to be used with matching nuts to secure components.

What are common washer types and their functions?

  • Flat washers spread load.

  • Spring washers add tension to prevent loosening.

  • Fender washers offer extra surface area, often for soft materials.

Are rivets permanent?
Yes—rivet heads expand after insertion, creating a permanent bond that cannot be easily undone.

When should stainless steel fasteners be used?
Ideal for corrosive environments, food processing, outdoor applications, or wherever hygiene is a priority.

Conclusion

Industrial fasteners are foundational to mechanical stability and structural integrity across many industries. Understanding the types, materials, selection criteria, and applications ensures safer, more reliable assembly. Whether you're engineering machinery or crafting precision instruments, picking the right fastener is crucial for long-lasting performance.